# worldseed.net

Reference site: variety encyclopedia (agronomy + seed standards), agronomy guides, data tables (container capacity, HS codes, phytosanitary requirements, conversions) and 56 country sowing guides. Citation-friendly; maintained by Kohenoor International's agronomy and lab team.

Operator: Kohenoor International, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan (est. 1957). ISO 9001, HACCP, ISTA-standard lab. Contact export@kohenoorint.com, WhatsApp +92 310 4929292.

## Pages
- [World Seed — forage, oilseed and spice seed reference](https://worldseed.net/): Reference site for forage, oilseed and spice seed: variety profiles, sowing guides, seed standards, export calendar, HS codes and phytosanitary tables.
- [Seed Variety Encyclopedia — forage, oilseed and spice](https://worldseed.net/varieties/): Twenty-six variety profiles: botanical identity, agronomy tables, export seed standards, growing regions and buying notes for forage, oilseed and spice.
- [Alfalfa KN92 — variety profile, agronomy, seed standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/alfalfa-kn92/): KN92 non-dormant alfalfa: sowing rate, cutting interval, yield, protein, pH and salinity tolerance, export seed standards and where it is grown.
- [Alfalfa Taiztar — tropical non-dormant lucerne profile](https://worldseed.net/varieties/alfalfa-taiztar/): Taiztar alfalfa, a Yemeni-origin very non-dormant lucerne grown in Pakistan for Gulf hay: agronomy table, seed standards, yield, protein, regions.
- [Berseem Clover Seed — Mescavi type agronomy and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/berseem-clover/): Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum, Mescavi type): sowing rate, cuts per season, green and dry yield, protein, pH, export seed standards and regions.
- [Persian Clover (Shaftal) Seed — agronomy and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/persian-clover-shaftal/): Shaftal or Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum): sowing rate, cutting schedule, yield, protein, waterlogging and cold tolerance, seed standards.
- [Rhodes Grass Fine Cut — agronomy, yield and seed standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/rhodes-grass-fine-cut/): Fine cut Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana): sowing rate, cutting interval, hay yield, protein, salinity tolerance, coated vs uncoated seed, standards.
- [BMR 313 Forage Sorghum Hybrid — agronomy and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/bmr-313-forage-sorghum/): BMR 313 brown-midrib forage sorghum hybrid: sowing rate, cutting schedule, silage yield, digestibility, prussic acid notes and export seed standards.
- [Grain Sorghum Seed — agronomy, yield and seed standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/grain-sorghum/): Grain sorghum (jowar) for sowing: rate, spacing, days to harvest, grain and stover yield, protein, drought and salt tolerance, export seed standards.
- [Sweet Sorghum Seed — agronomy, brix, yield and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/sweet-sorghum/): Sweet sorghum: sowing rate, spacing, days to harvest, stalk yield, juice brix, silage and syrup use, export seed standards and producing regions.
- [Sudan Grass Seed — agronomy, cuts, yield and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/sudan-grass/): Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense): sowing rate, cutting interval, green and hay yield, protein, prussic acid management and export seed standards.
- [Sesbania Dhaincha Seed — green manure agronomy and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/sesbania-dhaincha/): Sesbania (dhaincha): sowing rate, incorporation timing, biomass, nitrogen fixed, saline and sodic soil reclamation, export seed standards, regions.
- [Guar KN17 Seed — agronomy, gum content and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/guar-kn17/): Guar KN17: sowing rate, spacing, days to harvest, seed and gum yield, galactomannan content, drought tolerance, export seed standards and regions.
- [Guar GumMaster Seed — high-gum determinate guar profile](https://worldseed.net/varieties/guar-gummaster/): GumMaster guar: determinate, uniform-maturing guar with 32–35 % galactomannan. Sowing rate, harvest timing, yield, gum content and seed standards.
- [Annual Ryegrass Seed — Italian ryegrass agronomy](https://worldseed.net/varieties/annual-ryegrass/): Annual (Italian) ryegrass: sowing rate, cutting interval, winter yield, protein, cold and pH tolerance, clover mixtures and export seed standards.
- [Baymisaal Hybrid Pearl Millet — multi-cut fodder profile](https://worldseed.net/varieties/baymisaal-pearl-millet/): Baymisaal hybrid pearl millet: sowing rate, cutting interval, green and dry yield, protein, heat and sand tolerance, no prussic acid, seed standards.
- [White Sesame Seed — natural white sesame profile and specs](https://worldseed.net/varieties/sesame-white/): Natural white sesame: grower agronomy, oil and protein content, purity, moisture and FFA specifications, harvest season and export markets.
- [Black Sesame Seed — profile, composition and specifications](https://worldseed.net/varieties/sesame-black/): Black sesame: agronomy, oil and lignan content, purity and moisture specifications, harvest season and markets in East Asia and Europe.
- [Fenugreek Seed — methi agronomy, uses and export standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/fenugreek/): Fenugreek (methi): sowing rate, days to harvest, seed and leaf yield, protein, galactomannan, sowing vs spice grade and export standards.
- [Nigella Sativa Seed — kalonji agronomy and export standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/nigella-sativa/): Nigella sativa (kalonji): sowing rate, days to harvest, seed yield, fixed and volatile oil, thymoquinone, purity and moisture specs, regions.
- [Cumin Seed — Cuminum cyminum agronomy and export standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/cumin/): Cumin (Cuminum cyminum): sowing rate, days to harvest, seed yield, volatile oil, disease notes, machine-clean and Sortex specs, Balochistan regions.
- [Basil Seed (Tukhm-e-Balanga) — profile and food-grade specs](https://worldseed.net/varieties/basil-tukhm-balanga/): Basil seed (tukhm-e-balanga, sabja): agronomy, mucilage swelling, food-grade purity and moisture specs, harvest season and export markets.
- [Panicum Mombasa Guinea Grass — agronomy and seed standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/panicum-mombasa/): Mombasa and Tanzania type Panicum (Megathyrsus maximus): 6–8 kg/ha sowing rate, 70 % germination norm, dormancy, cuts, yield, protein, pH, regions.
- [Brachiaria Ruzi and Brizantha Seed — agronomy and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/brachiaria-ruzi/): Brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis and brizantha): sowing rate, 90/60 seed standard, coated seed, acid-soil tolerance, cuts, yield, protein, regions.
- [Johnson Grass Seed — perennial sorghum forage, legality](https://worldseed.net/varieties/johnson-grass/): Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) as perennial forage: sowing rate, cuts, yield, prussic acid risk, where import is legal and where it is a noxious weed.
- [Garden Cress Seed (Halim) — sprouting and sowing standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/garden-cress/): Garden cress (Lepidium sativum, halim): sowing rate, harvest, yield, oil and protein, 2.5 g 1000-seed weight, EU 2073/2005 sprouting microbial standards.
- [Fennel Seed — bold green saunf agronomy and export specs](https://worldseed.net/varieties/fennel/): Fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare, saunf): sowing rate, harvest, yield, 1.5–3.5 % essential oil and anethole, bold green, machine-clean and Sortex specs.
- [Castor Seed — Ricinus communis agronomy, oil and standards](https://worldseed.net/varieties/castor/): Castor seed (Ricinus communis): sowing rate, harvest, yield, 45–50 % oil, ricin in meal, 250–400 g 1000-seed weight, crushing and sowing grades, HS 120730.
- [Seed Guides — standards, storage, comparisons, sowing](https://worldseed.net/guides/): Guides for seed importers and agronomists: purity and germination, reading an ISTA report, dodder, storage, forage comparisons, sowing rate tables.
- [Seed Purity and Germination Standards Explained](https://worldseed.net/guides/seed-purity-and-germination-standards-explained/): What 99 % purity and 85 % germination mean on a seed certificate, how ISTA tests them, the tolerances that apply and how pure live seed is calculated.
- [How to Read an ISTA Seed Analysis Report](https://worldseed.net/guides/how-to-read-an-ista-seed-analysis-report/): Line-by-line guide to an ISTA-format seed analysis report: lot ID, purity components, germination classes, moisture and what each result means.
- [Dodder-Free Alfalfa — what the declaration means](https://worldseed.net/guides/dodder-free-alfalfa-what-it-means/): What dodder (Cuscuta) is, why alfalfa seed must be free of it, how a nil result is produced by lab and optical sorting, and which countries require it.
- [Seed Moisture and Storage for Importers](https://worldseed.net/guides/seed-moisture-and-storage-for-importers/): Safe moisture limits by seed type, how germination declines in storage, container transit risks, warehouse conditions and moisture testing on arrival.
- [Alfalfa vs Berseem vs Rhodes Grass — which forage?](https://worldseed.net/guides/alfalfa-vs-berseem-vs-rhodes-which-forage/): Alfalfa, berseem clover and Rhodes grass compared: season, stand life, cuts, yield, protein, water, salinity, seed cost and which suits which situation.
- [Sorghum vs Pearl Millet for Summer Fodder](https://worldseed.net/guides/sorghum-vs-pearl-millet-for-summer-fodder/): Forage sorghum and sudan grass compared with hybrid pearl millet: cuts, yield, protein, prussic acid, soil and water needs, which to sow where.
- [Panicum vs Brachiaria vs Rhodes Grass — which to sow](https://worldseed.net/guides/tropical-grasses-panicum-brachiaria-rhodes-compared/): Panicum Mombasa, Brachiaria ruzi/brizantha and Rhodes grass: establishment, seed rate, germination norms, rainfall, pH, cuts, yield, protein, best use.
- [Sprouting Seed Microbial Standards — EU, UK, Japan, US](https://worldseed.net/guides/sprouting-seed-microbial-standards/): Salmonella, STEC, E. coli and Listeria limits for sprouting seed under EU 2073/2005 and 208/2013, UK, Japan and US FDA rules, and how lots are tested.
- [Sowing Rate Calculator and Tables by Crop](https://worldseed.net/guides/sowing-rate-calculator-and-tables/): Sowing rates in kg/ha for 23 crops with conversions to kg per acre, feddan and jerib, a population-to-rate formula and pure-live-seed correction.
- [Seed Data Tables — loading, calendar, HS codes](https://worldseed.net/data/): Reference tables for seed importers: container loading by seed type, Pakistan export calendar, phytosanitary rules for 20 countries, HS codes, units.
- [Container Loading Capacity by Seed Type](https://worldseed.net/data/container-loading-capacity-by-seed-type/): Tonnes and bag counts of alfalfa, Rhodes grass, sorghum, clover, guar, sesame and spice seed per 20-ft and 40-ft container, with density and stowage.
- [Pakistan Seed Export Calendar — month by month](https://worldseed.net/data/pakistan-seed-export-calendar/): Month-by-month sowing, harvest, cleaning and shipping windows for every forage, oilseed and spice seed exported from Pakistan, matched to sowing abroad.
- [Phytosanitary Requirements by Destination — 20 countries](https://worldseed.net/data/phytosanitary-requirements-by-destination/): Plant-health authority, import documents, ports and transit from Karachi for 20 key seed-importing countries, plus common additional declarations.
- [Seed Import HS Codes — full table with descriptions](https://worldseed.net/data/seed-import-hs-codes/): HS codes for alfalfa, clover, Rhodes grass, Panicum, Brachiaria, sorghum, millet, guar, ryegrass, sesame, castor, fenugreek, fennel, nigella and cress.
- [Forage Seed Conversion Tables — units, weights, areas](https://worldseed.net/data/forage-seed-conversion-tables/): lb/acre to kg/ha, kg/ha to feddan, jerib, dunam and mu, bushel test weights for sorghum, millet and sesame, bags and containers to hectares sown.
- [Country Sowing Guides — when to sow imported seed](https://worldseed.net/sowing/): Sowing calendars for Pakistani forage, oilseed and spice seed in 56 importing countries, grouped by region, with main crops and transit from Karachi.
- [About World Seed — who maintains the seed reference](https://worldseed.net/about/): World Seed is the seed knowledge base of Kohenoor International, Hyderabad, Pakistan: who writes it, editorial policy, sourcing, how to cite, contact.
- [Forage seed sowing guide for South Africa](https://worldseed.net/sowing/za/): Which forage and oilseed varieties suit South Africa, sowing windows, seed rates and seed standards. Reference data from Kohenoor International agronomy.
- [Forage seed sowing guide for Nigeria](https://worldseed.net/sowing/ng/): Which forage and oilseed varieties suit Nigeria, sowing windows, seed rates and seed standards. Reference data from Kohenoor International agronomy.
- [Forage seed sowing guide for United Kingdom](https://worldseed.net/sowing/gb/): Which forage and oilseed varieties suit United Kingdom, sowing windows, seed rates and seed standards. Reference data from Kohenoor International agronomy.
- [Forage seed sowing guide for United States](https://worldseed.net/sowing/us/): Which forage and oilseed varieties suit United States, sowing windows, seed rates and seed standards. Reference data from Kohenoor International agronomy.
- [Forage seed sowing guide for Australia](https://worldseed.net/sowing/au/): Which forage and oilseed varieties suit Australia, sowing windows, seed rates and seed standards. Reference data from Kohenoor International agronomy.

## Country pages (local language)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ae/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/sa/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/om/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/qa/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/kw/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/bh/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/iq/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/jo/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/eg/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ly/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/tn/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/sd/ (ar)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ir/ (fa)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/tr/ (tr)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/uz/ (uz)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/kz/ (ru)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/tj/ (tg)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/tm/ (tk)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/af/ (ps)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/cn/ (zh)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/tw/ (zh)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/kr/ (ko)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/jp/ (ja)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/vn/ (vi)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/th/ (th)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/my/ (ms)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/id/ (id)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ph/ (tl)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/bd/ (bn)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/lk/ (si)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/np/ (ne)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ke/ (sw)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/et/ (am)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ug/ (sw)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/tz/ (sw)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/td/ (fr)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ma/ (fr)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/dz/ (fr)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/fr/ (fr)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/de/ (de)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/nl/ (nl)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/it/ (it)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/es/ (es)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/pl/ (pl)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/al/ (sq)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/am/ (hy)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ru/ (ru)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/ar/ (es)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/br/ (pt)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/mx/ (es)
- https://worldseed.net/sowing/in/ (hi)

## Sister sites
- https://kohenoorint.com/ — Kohenoor International
- https://alfalfaseeds.org/ — Alfalfa Seeds
- https://cloverseeds.org/ — Clover Seeds
- https://hybridsorghum.com/ — Sorghum Seeds
- https://guarseed.com/ — Guar Seeds
- https://sesbaniaseed.com/ — Sesbania Seeds
- https://herbnseed.com/ — Herbs & Spices
- https://dryrose.org/ — Dried Rose
- https://kehkashanco.com/ — Kehkashan International, Dubai